盘状液晶材料的研究进展

Progress in Discotic Liquid Crystalline Materials

盘状液晶分子容易形成柱状堆积的超分子组装体,由于分子在液晶态具有一定的流动性,使得组装体具有良好的结构缺陷自修复功能.因此具有特定芳香共轭结构的盘状液晶分子可以呈现较高的导电特性,能够有效传输电荷,具有制备光电器件的潜在应用价值.本文主要介绍以苯环、苯并菲、六苯并蔻、苝和肽菁为中心核的盘状液晶材料,其分子结构的化学修饰对液晶性能的影响,液晶材料在有机发光二极管(OLED)、有机场效应晶体管(OFET)和太阳能电池器件中的应用,以及盘状液晶材料相关的动力学研究进展.

Discotic liquid crystal （LC） molecules readily form columnar supramolecular structures.Because of molecular mobility in the LC state these columnar assemblies can self-heal structural defects to a certain extent.Therefore,conjugated aromatic molecules of the discotic LC state may exhibit exceptional charge carrier transport properties,and thus are potential active materials for use in optoelectronic devices.In this review,a number of discotic LC materials including benzene,triphenylene,hexabenzocoronene,perylene,and phthalocyanine derivatives are reviewed.The emphases are on the correlation between chemical structure and LC properties and some recent developments in the application of these materials in optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes （OLED）,organic field-effect transistors （OFET）,and photovoltaic cells.In addition,studies related to the dynamics of some discotic LC materials are briefly discussed.