我国塑料包装废物的产生和回收特性及管理对策

Characteristics of Generation and Recycling of Plastic Packaging Waste in China and Management Countermeasures

通过现场调查和资料调研,分析了塑料包装废物的流向和环境特征,总结了塑料包装废物回收的基本特点和经验教训,论述了塑料包装废物回收模式特点,深入分析了回收过程中存在的问题,并提出了加强塑料包装废物回收的管理对策.结果表明:塑料包装是塑料制品中的重要构成部分,由于质量轻、回收体积大,不易回收,我国每年产生大量的塑料包装废物,城市生活垃圾填埋场成为塑料包装废物的主要流向和污染源.目前我国塑料包装废物回收依托的是进城务工的个体回收者,与现阶段的国情相符合.塑料污染问题不是短期内能解决的,必须采取长期的综合管理对策,如进行源头减量化、制定鼓励回收利用的经济政策、采取适宜的无害化处置方式等.

In this paper,onsite surveys and data research were conducted on plastic packaging waste（PPW）,including analysis of the flow and environmental characteristics of PPW,summing-up of basic characteristics and lessons learned of PPW,discussion of the recovery mode characteristics of PPW,in-depth analysis of recycling process problems and proposal to strengthen the recovery management countermeasures of PPW.The results show that plastic packaging is an important component of plastic products.Large amounts of PPW are produced annually in China,but due to its light weight and bulky volume,it is not easy to recover,causing environmental pollution.Municipal solid waste landfills have become the main destination and pollution sources of PPW.The results also show that PPW recycling in China relies on individual migrant workers or recyclers,which accords with present conditions at this stage.The plastic pollution problems will not be resolved within a short time;long-term integrated management countermeasures are needed,such as source reduction,recycling economic policies formulated to encourage the appropriate decontamination,harmless disposal methods,etc.