半夏自交与杂交研究

Studies on the Self Intersects and Crossbreeding of Pinellia Ternate

为解决半夏生产中种茎的退化问题,为半夏的新品种选育及栽培技术提供科学依据。对三叶半夏和掌叶半夏进行自交与杂交,观测并比较其生物学特性、授粉、结实情况及出苗率。结果表明,掌叶半夏、三叶半夏的人工杂交、自交均能结实,但种间杂交表现不育;掌叶半夏与三叶半夏种内杂交结实率分别达65%和60%,平均单株结种子分别为37粒和17粒。掌叶半夏和三叶半夏的自交结实率分别为88.24%和62.5%;半夏自然授粉植株的单株种子数及其种子出苗率都明显高于自交和杂交植株,对异株的花粉有一定的排斥作用。半夏属于同株异花授粉植物,种间杂交不育;其种子不具有休眠特性,应趁鲜播种;半夏有性繁殖可以选育新品种,提高种茎的抗逆能力。

This paper was with a view to resolving the degradation problem ofPinellia tubers in the production, and provided a scientific basis for breeding of new varieties and cultivation technology ofPinellia. It ultimately aimed at improving the quality and production of medicinal herbs. It examined the self intersects and crossing between Pinellia ternate and Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. It also observed and compared the biological characteristics, pollination, fructification and germination rate in the field’s experiment. The results showed that both of the sexual reproduction were fertile. Artificial crossing and self intersects were fertile but interspecific crossing was sterile. The maturing rate interPinellia pedatisecta Schott and interPinellia ternate could reach to 65% and 60%, and the mean of the seed per plant was 37 and 17 respectively. The self intersects maturing rates ofPinellia pedatisecta Schott andPinellia ternate were 88.24% and 62.5% separately. The number of seed and germination rate of natural pollination plants were significantly higher than that of self intersects and crossing plants, and excluded the pollen of different plants a certain degree.Pinellia belonged to the cross-pollination plant, interspecific hybridization was sterile; the seed had no dormancy characteristics, and should be planted when it was fresh;Pinellia sexual propagation was helpful to the breeding of new species and could improve the stress resistance of tubers.