4种观赏植物对富营养化景观水体的净化效果

Study on Purified Efficiency of Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Eutrophicated Landscape Water by Four Floating Ornamental Plants

为富营养化景观水体筛选出净化能力强的植物种类,以水苏、地笋、羊蹄、酸模4种观赏植物为试材,制成植物浮床,研究4种植物以及无植物浮床对城市景观污染水体中氮、磷的净化效果。结果表明:4种植物在污染水体中能保持较强的生命力,试验结束时,其株高、生物量均有显著增加,增长率表现为地笋>羊蹄>水苏>酸模。4种植物对水体中化学需氧量(CODCr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH3-N)均有明显的去除效果,地笋、水苏、羊蹄、酸模对水体中TN的去除率分别为80.7%,76.9%,78.4%和69.5%,远高于对照组的去除率(50.14%),4种植物对水体中NH3-N的去除率分别为96.3%,94.5%,95.7%和93.6%,去除率显著大于对照组。试验表明,4种植物对景观污染水体均有很好的净化效果和一定的美化环境效果,可在今后的净化治理城市景观污染水体水质中推广应用。

To select suitable plants for use in purified eutrophicated landscape water, four kinds of ecological floating beds were made ofStachys japonica ,Lycopus lucidus ,Rumex japonicus ,Rumex acetosa , respectively, to study their effects on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophicated landscape water. The experiment lasted 40 days. The results indicated that four ornamental plants were adaptable to grow in the eutrophicated landscape water, and their biomass, height significantly increased at the end of experiment. The increasing rate wasLycopus lucidus Rumex japonicus Stachys japonica Rumex acetosa . Four plants had good removal effects on the CODCr, TN, TP and NH3-N, which were higher than the control treatment. The removal rates of N byLycopus lucidus ,Stachys japonica ,Rumex japonicus andRumex acetosa were 80.7%, 76.9%, 78.4%, 69.5%, respectively, all of which were higher than the control （50.14%）. The removal rates of NH3-N were 96.3% , 94.5% , 95.7% , 93.6% , respectively. Based on their good effects on nitrogen and phosphorus removal, four ornamental plants are recommended as species of aquatic vegetation in eutrophicated landscape water.