3种中药复方提取液对肉鸡生理、免疫指标的影响

Effects of Three Mixed Chinese Herbal Extracts on Physiologic and Immunological Parameters in Broilers

为探讨复方中药提取液对肉鸡生理机能的影响,验证中药改善肉鸡生产性能的功效,研究以党参、黄芪、六神曲、麦芽、山楂等组方,设计3个中药复方(方Ⅰ、方Ⅱ和方Ⅲ),水提后浓缩,1日龄开始混饮健康肉鸡(0.5%),并进行免疫器官指数、血清蛋白、血清酶、新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)血清抗体滴度、白介素2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白介素3(Interleukin-3,IL-3)及平均日增重、料肉比、死亡率测定。结果显示,3个复方中药提取液对肉鸡免疫器官发育、血清蛋白及天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量没有影响(P>0.05),方Ⅱ组肉鸡21、28日龄血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量显著高于对照(P<0.05);试验鸡21日龄时,3个复方中药组NDV抗体滴度显著高于对照(P<0.05),28日龄时方Ⅰ组抗体滴度极显著高于对照(P<0.01),方Ⅲ组抗体滴度显著高于对照(P<0.05);方Ⅰ组IL-2活性在21日龄、28日龄时显著高于对照(P<0.05),方Ⅲ组IL-2活性在21日龄时显著高于对照(P<0.05),方Ⅰ组IL-3活性在28日龄时显著高于对照(P<0.05);试验鸡28日龄时,方Ⅰ、方Ⅱ2组平均日增重高于对照,最高为方Ⅱ组72.72g/天,方Ⅰ、方Ⅱ2组料肉比低于对照,最低为方Ⅱ组2.08;死亡率最低为方Ⅰ组1%。上述结果表明,3个复方中药提取液安全性较高,对肉鸡生理机能均有一定改善作用,其中方Ⅰ在延缓血清抗体滴度降低速度,促进细胞因子分泌方面效果明显,而方Ⅱ在提高肉鸡生产性能方面效果较好。

In order to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal extracts on physiological function of broilers, 3 mixed Chinese herbal extracts（ Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ） were added to the drinking water of broilers from 1 to 28 days old （concentration was 0.5% ） respectively, and then intervals for 7 days, the physiologic and immunological parameters were determined, such as index of immune organs, serum proteins（total protein, albumin, globulin）, serum enzymes（AST, ALT, LDH, ALP）, Newcastle disease virus（NDV） HI antibody titers, interleukin-2（IL-2）, interleukin-3（IL-3）, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate. The results showed that the index of immune organs, serum proteins and some serum enzymes（AST, ALT, LDH） were not influenced by supplement with the 3 mixed Chinese herbal extracts （P〉0.05）. Level of ALP in serum ofⅡ group was higherthan that of the control（P〈0.05） at the 212 and 28th days. NDV HI Antibody titers of the 3 mixed Chinese herbal extracts groups were higher than that of the control（P〈0.05） at 21th day, and at the 28th day extract Ⅰ group was obviously higher than the control（P〈0.01）, Ⅲ group was also higher than the control（P〈0.05）. IL-2 of I and m groups have higher levels than that of the control at the 21th day（P〈0.05）, but to the 28th day only Ⅰ group was still higher than the control（P〈0.05）. Level of IL-3 of Ⅰ group was higher than that of the control at 28th day（P〈0.05）. When broilers were 28 days old, average daily gain of Ⅰ and 11 groups was higher than that of the control, the highest was Ⅱ group 72.72 g/d. Comparing with the control group, feed conversion ratios of Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups were lower, the lowest was Ⅱ group 2.08. The lowest mortality rate was I group 1%. All results suggest that the 3 mixed Chinese herbal extracts have high security, and can improve physiological function of broilers in some ways. The extract Ⅰ has a significant effect on delaying the decline of antibody level, while the extract Ⅱ is helpful to improve the production performance of broilers. Key words： Chinese herbal extracts; broilers; physiology; immunology