糖尿病患者对疾病认知状况及影响因素研究

The level and influencing factors of illness perception in patients with diabetes mellitus

目的探讨糖尿病患者对疾病的认知现状,并分析影响患者疾病认知的因素。方法采用一般资料问卷、疾病相关资料问卷和简易疾病认知问卷对就诊于北京市某综合性三级甲等医院内分泌科门诊的134例患者进行调查。结果多元回归分析结果显示,"是否因糖尿病住院""因糖尿病而就诊的频率"对患者生活的影响程度的认知具有一定影响;治疗方式、就医频率、合并症数量对患者自我感觉症状的严重程度的认知具有一定影响;治疗方式对患者情绪的影响程度的认知具有一定影响,各因素对方程变异的解释度变异系数R2分别为0.353、0.280、0.110。结论目前糖尿病患者已经具备自我管理的条件,护理人员应根据不同的患者给予针对性的健康指导,从而有效提高患者的自我管理水平。

Objective To investigate the illness perception of diabetic patients and analyze the influential factors. Methods A total of 134 diabetic patients in endocrine clinics of a general 3A - level hospital in Beijing were surveyed with a self - designed general information and disease - related information questionnaire and the brief illness perception questionnaire. Results Multiple regression analysis showed ＂whether or not being hospitalized for diabetes mellitus＂ and the frequency of seeking treatment were influential factors to the perception of disease impacts on life of patients （ R^2 = 0. 353 ）. Treatment method,the frequency of seeking treatment,and the number of complications were influential factors to the perception of severity of symptoms （ R^2 = 0. 280）. Treatment method was the influential factor to the perception of disease impacts on the emotion of patients （ R^2 = 0.110）. Conclusions Patients with diabetes mellitus already have the abilities of self- management according to their capability of disease perception shown in the study. Nurses should pertinently educate patients to improve the self - management abilities of patients effectively.