人乳头瘤病毒致癌机制的研究进展

Progress in human papillomavirus-induced oncogenesis

人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)是一类小双链DNA病毒,是世界范围内最常见的性传播病原体,其发现是肿瘤病因学研究中的重要成就之一。HPV仅感染人类上皮组织,根据组织亲嗜性的不同,可分为皮肤型和黏膜型;根据HPV致瘤性的高低,又可将黏膜型HPV分为低危型(low risk-HPV,LR-HPV)和高危型(high risk-HPV,HR-HPV)。LR-HPV主要引起生殖器乳头状瘤和尖锐湿疣等良性病变,而HR-HPV则主要引起宫颈不典型增生和宫颈癌。HR-HPV可以通过基因整合及对宿主细胞基因组不稳定性、细胞周期、细胞凋亡以及端粒酶活性等产生影响等多种机制导致宫颈上皮的恶性转化。

Human papillomavirus（HPV）,a small double-strand DNA virus,is the most common sexually transmitted causative agent in the world.The discovery of HPV is one of the most significant achievements in the etiology of oncology.HPV could be denominated as cutis or mucosa type dependent on the difference of epithelial tissues infected by HPV.The mucosa types could be further divided into high risk HPV and low risk HPV（LR-HPV and HR-HPV） based on the distinct pathogenesis.LR-HPV infections cause a variety of benign proliferations like papillomas and warts of the genital tracts,while HR-HPV infections lead to cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer.HPV can mediate the malignant transformation of cervical epithelium through DNA integration and the effects on genome instability,cell cycle,apoptosis and telomerase activity.