明清时期景德镇商帮行会与陶瓷发展

Jingdezhen Business Societies or Guilds and Ceramics Development in the Period of Ming and Qing Dynasties

景德镇商帮行会以血缘、地缘、业缘为基础,发轫于南宋,活跃于明中叶,鼎盛于清乾隆年间,多数是同业、同行组织。制瓷业由于分工细致,专业化程度高,加上宗族、乡土关系,行业特色鲜明,按地域分"帮",按职业分"行",二者关系密切。帮会主要有都帮、徽帮、杂帮。商帮行会与政权融合,帮规与国法相对应,具有控制、约束、调解功能。根据政治、经济、血缘三重标准,其成员具有等级身分,宗族强调伦常秩序,富有慈善性。商帮行会提高了陶瓷生产技术,促进了景德镇成为中国乃至世界的制瓷中心。

With commencement in Southern Song dynasty,enlivenment in the middle of Ming dynasty and prosperity in Qianlong period of Qing dynasty,the Jingdezhen business societies and guilds take the relationship of blood,geography and industry as foundation,and most of them are the organizations of the same business or the same profession.Business societies and guilds are charitable and have great influence to the political power.The guild regulations have the function of control,restraint and mediation as correspondence with the national law.Business societies and guilds have improved the ceramics production technology,and promoted Jingdezhen to become Chinese and even the world center of ceramics production.