价值取向、理论基础、制度安排与研究方法——新公共服务与新公共管理的四维辨析

Four-dimension Analysis between New Public Management and New Public Service

新公共管理和新公共服务是当前西方国家政府治理进程中颇具影响力的前沿改革理论。从理论传承的视角来看,新公共服务理论是对新公共管理理论的一种扬弃和超越,两者彰显诸多共性。然而,从公共行政发展的本质来看,新公共管理与新公共服务是在"效率"与"民主"这两大价值观之间进行取舍或者相互博弈进而衍生出来的一系列管理理念、管理制度、管理技术和管理手段的集合。两者更多地凸显其鲜明个性,这两种理论是在恪守不同价值取向的前提之下,有针对性地寻求不同的理论基础,进而设计不同的制度安排,最后依赖不同的研究方法进行知识积累。多维度辨析这两种理论之异同,对我国推行新一轮行政改革、有针对性地借鉴西方政府改革的成功经验意义非凡。

New Public Management and New Public Service are the most impactive government reform theories in west Countries.The New Public Service is a kind of new theory beyond the New Public Management.They have much General Characteristics,but they also embody much individuality.They scrupulously abide by different value orientation;then look for different theoretical principles;and design different institutional arrangements;in the end they develop knowledge accumulation by different research approaches.To analyze these two theories clearly,it＇s helpful for our country to draw lessons from western public administration experience.