不同覆盖方式对烤烟生理特性及产量、品质的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Physoilogical Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

以烤烟K326为材料,在大田条件下研究了不同覆盖方式对烤烟生理特性及产量、品质的影响。结果表明,与无覆盖相比,烟草生长前期采用地膜覆盖,旺长期揭膜培土后垄体覆盖稻草(前膜后草)覆盖方式可以增加根系生物量,提高根系活力,改善叶片净光合速率,降低蒸腾速率,提高烟叶的水分利用效率,使烟叶的叶面积增大,比叶重减小,单叶重增加;但地膜覆盖方式下烤烟根系活力降低,叶片净光合速率严重下降,烟叶水分利用效率降低,具有加速烤烟衰老死亡的效应。前膜后草覆盖方式烤后烟叶的产量、均价、产值和上等烟比例等经济性状均高于其它处理,而且可以改善烟叶化学成分。

The experiment was carried out to study the effects of different mulching patterns on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in the field condition with the flue-cured tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.） cultivar K326.The results showed that,in comparison with no mulching,the treatment of mulching in the early growth stage and then removing film and ridging soil as well as covering with rice straw during the blooming stage（early mulch and later straw） could increase root biomass and activity,enhance net photosynthetic rate of leaves,decrease the transpiration rate and increase the water use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco leaves.Moreover,it was also found that the flue-cured tobacco leaf area enlarged,the specific leaf weight decreased,and the weight per leaf increased.But the root activity,photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco leaves remarkably declined under the treatment of mulching by film during the whole period,which could accelerate the caduceus procedure.Moreover,the yield,average price,value and percentage of superior leaves under the treatment of early mulch and later straw were higher than those of other treatments,which also could change the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves.