包膜控释肥料在旱地农田的应用研究进展与展望

Progress and Prospect in the Application of Controlled-release Fertilizer in Upland Field

就国内外控释肥料在旱地农田中的应用效果、田间养分释放,以及高效施用做了综述,重点总结了控释肥料在不同作物上的增产效果和当前应用研究中存在的问题。施用控释肥料可以提高肥料利用率,减少氮素淋溶损失,并具有增加作物产量和改善蔬菜品质的优点,但控释肥料应用中也存在着养分在土壤中的转化和去向不明,养分释放与作物生长对应性差,忽视环境条件对养分释放影响等问题。并对今后高效施用控释肥的技术研究进行了展望。

Recent advances of application of controlled-release fertilizer are reviewed in this article.The author summarized the agronomic effects,methods and nutrients release of controlled-release fertilizer applied in upland field,especially focused on the yield-increase and problems in application.We can conclude from many experiments mainly that the controlled-release fertilizer particularly polyolefin-coated fertilizers,showed higher nitrogen recovery rate,less nitrogen leaching,yield-increase and quality improving comparing to common readily available nitrogen fertilizers.However,there are still some problems unresolved,such as the unclear transformation and fate of controlled-release nitrogen in the field soil,non-synchronization between controlled-release nitrogen supplying and crop uptaking,and ignoring environmental effects on nitrogen release.Future outlook in technologies related to efficient using controlled-release fertilizer is also discussed.