美国私人养老金担保项目的政治经济分析

The Political and Economic Analysis on the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation

私人养老金担保项目是《雇员退休收入保障法》中最有争议的措施,它由汽车工会等产业工会倡议,但由于受到企业雇主和部分劳联工会的反对,其出台经历了漫长曲折的斗争过程。在汽车工会和钢铁工会的游说压力之下,国会负责财税立法的委员会向负责劳工立法的委员会做出了完全的让步,使担保项目条款在很大程度上反映了产业工会所要求的高水平待遇保障。担保项目不仅允许联邦政府介入私人部门养老金,还在私人部门之间形成了一种强制性的再分配关系,使产业工会成员获得了享有保障的特权地位。

The Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation (PBGC) is the most controversial part of The Employee Retirement Income Security Act. It was initiated by the United Auto Workers and other industrial unions, but due to the opposition of employers and some AFL-CIO unions, its enactment went through long and tortuous struggle. Under the strong pressure of lobbying by the United Auto Workers(UAW) and United Steel Workers (USW), the Congressional committee in charge of finance and taxation made total concession to the committee overlooking labor issues and the PBGC thus reflected, to a great extent, the demands of industrial union for high level pension security. The PBGC allows the interference of federal government in private sectors, build up a compulsory redistribution system, thus guaranteeing a privileged position for industrial union members.