清廷汉传佛教管理制度浅析

Imperial Management System of the Qing Dynasty on Chinese Buddhism

清代汉传佛教管理制度是建立在满族统治者的文化和宗教策略之上的。根据政教分离、王权高于教权的宗教管理模式,清初的统治者借鉴前朝的宗教管理经验,建立了系统有效的佛教管理机构和僧官制度,实施了资格审查制度、官方登记制度和定额管理制度,从而较好地掌握了佛教发展状况,合理地控制了佛教组织规模。清中叶以后,因农民起义和西方列强的入侵,统治者无暇顾及对佛教的管理,佛教管理制度实质上已废弛。辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的封建帝制,封建僧官体制亦被废止,清廷的佛教管理制度由此终结。

Imperial management system of the Qing Dynasty on Chinese Buddhism was based on culture and religious policy of Manchu rulers. According to the religion management models of the separation of religion and politics, and regalism, the rulers of early Qing used the previous experience, set up an effective management system and monk system, and put the institution in qualification checking, registration and quota management. By these ways, they held the situation of Buddhist development and controlled the size of Buddhist organization. ……