二腹肌后腹及其毗邻组织结构观察

Observation on posterior belly of digastric muscle and its adjacent structure

目的:观察二腹肌后腹及其毗邻组织结构,为上颈段颈动脉三角和下颌下三角交界区组织结构的定位和保护提供解剖学依据。方法:对15例(30侧)成人头颈湿标本行上颈段大"S"形切口,逐层解剖,观测二腹肌后腹及其毗邻结构及相互位置关系。结果与结论:二腹肌后腹深面结构重要且复杂,依次有寰椎横突、颈内静脉、枕动脉、副神经、颈外动脉、面动脉、舌下神经及耳后动脉等重要结构。二腹肌后腹可作为该区域副神经、舌下神经、颈外动脉、枕动脉及面动脉等重要结构的定位依据。

Aim ： To observe the structure of posterior belly of digastric muscle and its adjacent tissue so as to pro- vide basis of anatomy for locating the boundary region of the carotid triangle and submandibular triangle. Methods ： Fifteen samples of adult cadaver heads （30 sides） were used for microsurgical dissection with a big ＂S＂ incision on upper cer- vix, and the anatomy structures of peri-posterior belly of digastric muscle of each side were observed. Results and Con- clusion：The deep plane of posterior belly of digastric muscle had complex and important structures, which were trans- verse process of atlas, internal jugular vein, occipital artery, accessory nerve, external carotid artery, facial artery, hy- poglossal nerve, and posterior auricular artery in turn. The posterior belly of digastric muscle can be a good locating sign of accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, external carotid artery, occipital artery, and facial artery in this complex anatomy region.