绿荧光蛋白及其在转基因动物研究中的应用

Green fluorescent protein and its application in production of transgenic animals

绿荧光蛋白（ｇｒｅｅｎｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｔｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＧＦＰ）是源于水母（Ｊｅｌｙｆｉｓｈ）、海笔（ＳｅａＰｅｎ，ＳｅａＰａｎｓｙ）等海洋无脊椎动物的一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质在体外经适当波长的光激发便可发出绿光，所发出的绿光用普通荧光显微镜或荧光激活细胞分拣器（ＦＡＣＳ）均可检测到。ＧＦＰ作为动、植物以及微生物基因工程研究上的一种选择标记具有检测灵敏度高，操作简便，对机体毒副作用小且不需要添加任何底物或辅助因子等优点，更重要的是检测ＧＦＰ无损于细胞或胚胎的完整性及活力。本文概括介绍ＧＦＰ的生化、发光光谱及遗传学特征及其在转基因动物研究上的应用。

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a special protein derived from jellyfish ( Aequorea victoria) and sea pen ( Renilla reniformis ) which absorbs blue light and emits green fluorescence without exogenous substrates or co factors,and the fluorescence can be easily detected with fluorescent microscope or fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS).Being a valid seletive marker for bacteria engineering,animal and plant molecular biology GFP is very sensitive to be detected,easy to manipulate and less toxic to its hosts.What is more important is that detection of GFP under fluorescent microscope is less harmful to the integrity and survival capacity of cells or embryos.In this paper biochemical,spectrophotometric,and genetic properties of GFP and its application in production of transgenic animals are briefly introduced.