兰州大石鸡不同生活史阶段栖息地选择的初步研究

HABITAT SELECTION OF ALECTORIS MAGNA AT DIFFERENT LIFE CYCLE STAGES IN LANZHOU

大石鸡不同生活史阶段选择不同的栖息地．集群期选择坡度小、低海拔、东向的山坡和坟地．配对期选择坡度３０～６０°、海拔居中的栖息地，选择的栖息地范围较宽．产卵期多见于坡度小、地面环境异质性小、海拔高的农田和山坡．育雏期选择植物丛密度低、坡度小、海拔高的山坡和农田．繁殖后期选择植物丛密度低、低海拔、东向的山坡和沟底．不同生活史阶段植被覆盖度、植物高度、环境类型和坡向差异不显著，坡度差异显著，植物丛密度、海拔高度和地面环境异质性差异极显著．在各环境因子中，只有地面环境异质性对大石鸡栖息地选择的影响较显著．地形、食物和气候可能是影响大石鸡栖息地选择的根本因素．

Przewalski's Rock Partridge ( Alectoris magna ) select different habitats at different life cycle stages. During flocking period, they mainly select eastern mountain slopes with small slope and low altitude or grave yard. During pairing period, they mostly stay on the slope areas with a slope of 30°～60°and between 1 600～1 700 m A.S.L. During egg laying period, they mostly live on farmlands and slopes between 1 750～1 800 m A.S.L. with small environmental heterogeneity and small slope. During brooding period, they mainly live on slopes and farmlands with low density of plants, small slope and high altitude. After breeding, they are mostly found in the sparse meadows of eastern slopes at low altitude or in lower valleys. Among different life cycle stages, there are no significant differences in vegetation coverage, plant height, environment type and slope aspect, but there are significant differences in slope gradients, highly significant differences in plant density, altitude and heterogeneity for ground environment. Among the environmental factors, only the heterogeneity for ground environment significantly affects habitat selection. Landform, food and climate probably are the key factors affecting the habitat selection of Przewalski's Rock Partridge.