低碳经济与就业问题的关系研究

The Employment Implications of a Low-Carbon Economy

全球变暖的威胁和失业率的居高,是20世纪90年代英国政府首要解决的两大问题。由于"可持续发展"越来越受重视,学者们围绕就业与环境的关系问题进行认真的讨论和研究。过去,人们一直认为"环保"和"就业"水火不相容。但近来"修正主义者"的观点与传统的经济学方法产生重大分歧。越来越多与环境相关的经济学文献认为,环境与就业是正相关的,可以通过实行谨慎的政策使两者得到加强。本文解剖了"环境与就业"争论的背景,归纳了最新的文献并评析了低碳经济中就业增长的前景。

The threat of global warming and unacceptable levels of unemployment are two items high on policy agendas in the 1990s. Increasing emphasis on ＇sustainable development＇ ensures that debate surrounding the relationship between jobs and the environment is kept under the research microscope. In the past, the supposed incompatibility of environmental protection and employment was a fairly deep-rooted and little-contested belief. However, recent ＇revisionist＇ thinking has spotlighted discrepancies with this traditional economic approach. Increasingly, environmental economic literature cites the relationship between the two as positive, with careful policy implementation enabling mutual reinforcement. This paper details the background to the ＇jobs versus environment＇ debate, providing a summary of the latest literature and assessing the prospects for increased employment in a low- carbon economy.