影响“山地苹果”发展的因素分析

Influencing Factors on Apple Development in Loess Hilly and Gully region of Northern Shaanxi

采用问卷调查、入户调查等方法,调查影响陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区"山地苹果"发展的因素变化。结果表明该区"山地苹果"发展具有明显的区域特征。随着衣食问题的解决及土地承包期限的延长,山地苹果栽植面积迅速增加;农业特产税对苹果发展没有太大的影响,但农业特产税的取消以及退耕还林还草的实施促进了苹果的发展;地方政府在苹果发展过程中起到了决策者和开拓者的作用;该区苹果销售基本不受市场的影响,但技术创新能力低,技术匮缺仍为苹果生产效益较低的主要原因。随着农村劳动力的转移和生产资料价格的上升,苹果生产将转向机械化和科技化。

The paper investigated influencing factors changes on apple development in loess hilly and gully region of northern Shaanxi since reform and opening up by questionnaire surveys, house surveys and other methods. The results showed that the apple development had obvious regional characteristics. With the problem of food and clothing solved after the land contract to individual, demand for sunny slope land and semi-sunny slope land which suitable for planting apple surged, but demand for shady slope land which suitable for grain production reduced. Short duration of land contract in early stage had limited the apple development, after prolonging it, the apple cultivation area had been rapidly increased. Although special agricultural products tax had no significant impact on apple development, the abolition of it and the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest had promoted the apple development. Local government had played a role of decision-maker and pioneer in apple development process. There would be no rapid development but for local government strong advocacy and support. The apple had a good quality, and its good price had stimulated the apple development. Although the fruit grower had changed the learning technologies attitude from passive to active, lack of regional technological innovation, and technology scarcity was still the main reason of lower production efficiency. Apple production should shift to mechanization and technology with the rural labor transfering and capital goods prices increasing.