景观病理学:森林保护学领域的新视角

Landscape Pathology:A New Perspective in Forest Protection Field

景观病理学是以植物病理学和森林病理学理论为基础,结合景观生态学的空间和时间分析原理和方法而形成的新的交叉学科。景观病理学能够帮助明辨立地因素、植被空间格局的变化对树木感病性和病害流行方式的影响;并且有助于明确气候变化可能导致的病原快速进化和变异、树木对这种变化的滞后效应。同时,景观病理学的研究有助于预测病原的扩散速率及其对空间格局的影响,有助于规划土地持续利用方式、制定森林病虫害可持续治理的决策。本文诠释景观病理学的概念和研究方法;对景观病理学研究所取得的最新研究进展进行评述,并提出景观病理学急需解决的几个问题。

Landscape pathology is a newly emerging subject that integrate forest pathology with landscape ecology,that is, it is developed based upon theories and principles of phytopathology and forest pathology,and spatial and temporal principles and methodology from landscape ecology. Landscape pathology can be used to clearly discriminate the environmental features from vegetation spatial patterns effects on host susceptibility and disease epidemics. And the subject also illustrates the tendency of pathogen evaluations and lag of host tree adaptations in response to climatic change scenario. Meanwhile,on basis of predicting the spread rate of disease and the impacts on spatial patterns,landscape pathology is helpful to determine the long-term land use patterns and to make sustainable pests management strategy. The concept of landscape pathology and its research approaches are introduced and interpreted in this paper. Latest advances in study of landscape pathology have been summarized and several scientific issues needed to be urgently solved are proposed in this paper.