新中国60年来小城镇的发展历程与新态势

THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND BASIC PATTERN OF CHINA'S SMALL TOWNS SINCE 1949 AND ITS RECENT NEW SITUATION

新中国成立60年来,作为链接城乡基地和桥梁、统筹城乡发展关节点的小城镇,其地位和作用不断得到提升。通过对历史资料的梳理和统计数据的分析,将60年来的我国小城镇发展划分为"恢复和初步调整、萎缩和停滞、恢复发展、快速发展、协调提升"五个时期。改革开放30年来,我国小城镇的成长方式已经由数量扩张向规模扩大转变,但区域发展差异显著、两极分化严重,目前已经初步形成了长江、珠江两大三角洲和华北、成都两大平原的小城镇集聚区。近年来,我国小城镇的发展环境发生了较大的变化,交通基础设施的完善促使小城镇区位优势的形成,在国内外产业梯度转移和产业升级的趋势下,小城镇产业蓬勃发展;专门化生产分工的不断深化,小城镇特色产业逐步形成,在东南沿海出现了颇具特色的块状经济和专业镇;小城镇综合承载力凸显,是实现中国特色城镇化过程中的重要一环。

During the past 60 years of PRC, the status and function of small towns have been constantly upgraded, which have played the roles not only as the bases and bridges to link the urban and rural areas, but also as the hubs for the overall plan of urban and rural development. Through the analysis of historical information and the statistical data, the development of small towns in the era of PRC can be divided into five phases, i.e. ＂restoration and early adjustment, degradation and stagnation, revival of development, rapid development, coordination and enhancement＂. During the last more than 30 years of Reform and Opening-up, the growth of small towns in China has shifted from quantitative increase to the expansion of scale. However, there has become tremendous differences and serious polarization among regions. Nowadays, the agglomerations of small towns have been shaping in the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Deltas,and also in the North China and the Chengdu Plains. In recent years, the environment for the development of small towns in China has gone through drastic changes：the improvement of transportation infrastructure has fostered the regional advantage of small towns; in the ongoing transfer of industry gradient at home and abroad and the trend of industrial upgrading, the booming of industries in small towns has come about. Specialization of the production is continuously deepening, and the special industries of small towns are gradually being formed; featured economic plots and specialized towns have appeared in coastal areas of Southeast China. The comprehensive capacity of small towns is becoming remarkable, which is to be a significant element in the process of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.