毛泽东关于三个世界划分理论与二十世纪七十年代中国外交战略调整

Mao Zedong’s Theory on the Division of Three Worlds and Adjustments to the Chinese Diplomatic Strategy in1970s

20世纪70年代,中国在外交上受到来自美、苏的双重压力。根据国内外形势发展的需要,毛泽东提出了三个世界的理论,它标志着中国外交已从过度强调履行无产阶级国际主义和世界革命义务转到强调国家安全及和平发展为第一需要,这是中国共产党外交战略和指导原则的根本性转变。三个世界划分理论的历史局限性在于,理论思维模式是国内革命战争时期的革命统一战线策略;在一定程度上忽略了世界和平发展的基本趋势,过度夸大世界战争的危险。

China was subject to dual diplomatic pressure from the US and the Soviet Union diplomatically in the 1970s. In view of the development in the internal and international situation Mao Zedong postulated the division of three worlds, which marked a switch of the Chinese diplomacy from overemphasis on the obligation of proletarian internationalism and world revolution to stress on national security and peaceful development as the top priority. This was a fundamental change in the CPC＇ s cardinal guiding diplomatic principles. The historical limitations of the division of three worlds were that this theory was an emulation of the strategy of the revolutionary united front during the revolutionary civil wars and that, to some extent, it overlooked the basic world trend of peaceful development and exaggerated the danger of a world war.