1Antcliff RJ,Marshall J.The pathogenesis of edema in diabetic maculopathy[J].Semin Ophthalmol,1999,14:223-232.
2Qaum T,Xu Q,Joussen AM,et al.VEGF-initiated bloodretinal barrier breakdown in early diabetes[J].invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2001,42:2408-2413.
3Joussen AM,Smyth N,Niessen C.Pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema[J].Dev Ophthalmol,2007,39:1-12.
4Joussen AM,Poulaki V,Le ML,et al.A central role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy[J].FASEB J,2004,18:1450-1452.
5Massin P,Ouguid G,Erginay A,Haouchine B,Gaudric A.Optical coherence tomography for evaluating diabetic macular edema before and after vitrectomy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2003,135:169-177.
6Lewis H,Abrams GW,Blumenkranz MB,Campo RV.Vitrectomy for diabetic macular traction and edema associated with posterior hyaloidal traction[J].Ophthalmology,1992,99:753-759.
7Tamura H,Miyamoto K,Kiryu J,et al.lntravitreal injection of corticosteroid attenuates leukostasis and vascular leakage in experimental diabetic retina[J].Invest OphthalmoL Vis Sci,2005,46:1440-1444.
10Chun DW,Heier JS,Topping TM,et al.A pilot study of multiple intravitreal injections of ranibizumab in patients with center-involving clinically significant diabetic macular edema[J].Ophthalmology,2006,113:1706-1712.
