月球探测器着陆性能若干影响因素分析

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Performance in Lunar Lander

软着陆缓冲装置是月球探测器的核心组成,对其着陆过程进行动力学分析是着陆器设计的重要环节。论文以四腿悬架式着陆器为研究对象,首先在综合考虑月面非线性变形、反推火箭残余应力、姿态控制力等基础上建立了探测器倾斜月面着陆过程动力学方程。其次,研究了月面摩擦系数、月面着陆倾斜角度、反推火箭残余应力、着陆速度对探测器着陆性能的影响。结果表明探测器着陆稳定性能伴随着月球表面土壤摩擦系数、月面倾斜角度、着陆速度的升高而急速降低;探测器反推火箭残余应力虽能较大地减缓月面对着陆器的冲击,但过大却容易导致探测器在月面反弹甚至翻滚。

The soft landing system is the key composition of the lunar lander. In the overall study of the design and performance of the lunar Lander,analysis of touchdown dynamics of the landing stage is an important part. In this paper,firstly,the mathematical model considering the influence of the coefficient in lunar surface,the landing terrain,the tailoff thrust of the roketengine with 3 degrees for simulating the touchdown dynamics of soft landing is presented. Secondly,based on the model,the influences of the coefficient and terrain of the lunar soil,the tailoff thrust,the landing velocity to the performance of landing are studied. Result indicated that the coefficient of friction,the landing terrain play an important role in the structure design of lunar lander. The oversized thrust can lead to the tumbling of lander.