基于RS、GIS的伏牛山自然保护区景观格局变化研究

An RS-and GIS-based study on the dynamic change of the landscape patterns in Funiu Mountain nature reserve

以1979、1991和2000年陆地卫星多波段遥感影像为主要研究资料,结合伏牛山自然保护区的区域特点,在地理信息系统技术的支持下,建立景观分类系统和解译标志,对伏牛山自然保护区进行类型划分和面积调查。通过采用景观多样性指数、优势度指数、景观破碎化指数、分布质心和扩展度指数等景观的空间格局指数,借用空间格局变化表征模型,对伏牛山自然保护区1979、1991和2000年景观格局特征进行分析,得出了3个时期的景观格局的特征及各类型分布特征、景观格局变化的趋势及特征。结果表明：在1979~2000年间,研究区域各景观类型的面积发生了相应的变化,景观格局发生了波动变化,特别是在1991~2000年间,有林地景观斑块数增加了110%,景观破碎度增大,但总体景观及景观要素均趋于稳定。对影响景观格局变化中的驱动力分析得出：景观变化与地形因子中的坡度因子和坡向因子相关性较大,与海拔因子相关关系不大。自然保护区对保护生物多样性、植被有积极的意义。

Based on the MSS,Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM imagine and the characteristic of the reserve classification of the interpretation symbols were established and the maps of the resources in 1979,1991 and 2000 were made.By using the indexes of the landscape pattern such as landscape diversity index,landscape dominance index,landscape fragmentation index,distribution centroid and extended dimension,this article presents the dynamic change of Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve in spatial pattern from 1979 to 2000.It is concluded that the area of different landscape types changed from 1979 to 2000 as the landscape patterns changed.The whole landscape were jarless though the number of high-overcast landscape added 110% and landscape fragmentation index accelerated.Based on the analysis of the driving force,it is concluded that landscape changes were much correlative with slope and aspect genes and little with latitude gene.Nature reserve is important in protecting bio-diversity and forest cover.