传统的翻转与再翻转——新区土改中农民土地心态的建构与历史逻辑

Overturning and Re-overturning Tradition:How Peasants' Attitude towards Land was Shaped in the Land Reform in New Districts

新中国成立初期新区土改的推进,是以翻转传统乡村的经济社会伦理和土地秩序观为前提的,这一翻转,并非如革命史研究所认为的那样容易,而是一系列精巧的政治与社会动员的结果。同时,这一翻转又成为20世纪五六十年代中国乡村社会以平均主义为内核的制度选择的基础和起点,产生了复杂的历史效应。而当下农村正在发生的土地流转和规模化经营,则意味着对既有历史的再选择,选择能否成功,则看其在保留历史选择合理性的同时,能否化解自土改以来所形成的平均主义土地心态的消极影响,在这个意义上,这无疑又将发生一次观念的再翻转。只不过,这一再翻转不是要回复到革命前的乡村观念史,而是要在处理好传统土地观念——包括革命前的土地观念和革命所带来的土地观念——与现实需求的结合中做出新的路径选择。

Land reform in the new districts in early New China was characterized by overturning the socio-economic ethics and the conception of land order in traditional rural areas. The overturn was not as easy as the studies of revolutionary history have indicated, but was a result of a series of ingeniously-devised political and social mobilization. At the same time, the overturn became the foundation and starting point for the choice of an egalitarian system in 1950s-1960s in China＇s rural society, which had complicated historical ramifications. The current land circulation and large-scale operation means a second choice in history. Its success will depend on how it retains the rational elements of the previous choice while at the same time dissolving its naive egalitarian attitude. A re-overturning in people＇s land conception will happen, but rather than reverting to the old, pre-evolution conception, a new path will be selected in which traditional land conception （including the pre-revolution one and the post-revolution one） and the current needs of reality will be synthesized.