农村贫困地区幼儿保育和教育现状及其发展政策建议——以中部某省某国家级贫困县N镇为个案

Investigation of and Policy Recommendations to ECCE at Rural Poverty-stricken Regions——taking N town of a poverty-stricken county in central China as a case

农村贫困地区的幼儿保育和教育工作是我国实现全民教育目标所面临的最大难点。本研究选取我国中部某国家级贫困县N镇作为个案,以联合国教科文组织亚太办事处列出的21项"幼儿保育和教育"指标为基本框架,采取个人访谈、文献收集和现场观察等方法对农村贫困地区幼儿保育和教育工作开展现状展开全面调查。结果显示,N镇的幼儿保育现状和幼儿教育现状都十分不容乐观,存在的主要问题包括留守幼儿保育状况令人担忧;祖辈们的保育知识匮乏,保育方式不科学;幼儿保育医疗卫生条件差;幼儿园任课教师专业合格率偏低;幼儿园教育小学化倾向严重;地方政府对幼儿教育缺乏重视。造成这些问题的根源主要是我国现有相关法律法规不完善,管理体制存在弊端,幼儿教师农村就业渠道不畅。为促进我国农村贫困地区幼儿保育与教育工作的发展,应尽快制定内容完整的《幼儿保育和教育法》,完善我国幼儿保育与教育治理结构,重建其投资体制,加大中央政府与省级政府的投入职责,在政府引导下构建多种共同促进幼儿保育与教育工作发展的伙伴关系。

The development of ECCE at rural poverty-stricken regions is the severest challenge for China to realize EFA goals and now facing lots of problems. Selecting a rural town N of a poverty-stricken county at national-level in central China as a case, taking 21 ECCE indicators from Asia-Pacific Office, UNESCO as framework and adopting several methods, such as individual interviews, material collection and siteobservation, this paper carries out a thorough investigation on current situations of ECCE development at rural poverty-stricken regions. Based on collected data, this paper provides detailed analysis on and comprehensivepolicy recommendations to ECCE development at rural poverty-stricken regions.