从[胜]和[败]的构式看其语义识解

On the semantic construal of [shèng] and [bài] from the Construction Approach

[胜]和[败]作为一对反义概念,有时却可以表达同义现象。文章从认知语言学的相关理论视角对[胜]和[败]的语义特征进行分析,研究发现:(1)[胜]具有明确的语义指向,而[败]的语义指向不明;(2)当[胜]和[败]与其他语词并置形成二元述谓结构时,其语义指向具有组合性,并按下列顺序排列:方向性语词>非完成性动词的语义指向>完成性动词固有语义指向>非时间关系词的语义指向>典型语义指向,而当作为一元述谓时,其语义指向为施事。

The Chinese antonyms [shèng] and [bài] sometimes are synonymous with each other. To address this strange phenomenon, the paper analyzes their semantic properties from the cognitive perspective, with the findings that (1) [shèng] bears a definite semantic direction, while [bài] is opaque, and (2) when acting as a complex predicate juxtaposed with other words in a two-argument construction, [shèng] and [bài] take the following sequence in deciding their semantic direction: direction of the directional words > direction of the imperfective > inherent direction of the perfective> direction of the atemporal> prototypical direction of the perfective; when acting as a one-argument predicate, [shèng] and [bài] are semantically directed to the agent.