利用公示催告实施诉讼欺诈问题研究

A Study on Litigation Fraud by Manipulating Procedure for Publicizing Public Notice for Assertion of Claims

公示催告程序使票据复印件履行一定证明手续,即可获取除权判决,从而增加了第三人利用其实施诉讼欺诈,损害持票人利益的风险。识别公示催告欺诈应明确其法律构成、手段样态及发生机制。公示催告欺诈的成因既包括申请主体不明确、除权判决生效时间与票据到期日不一致、错误除权判决救济程序不完善、公示催告形式审查给伪报票据丧失以可乘之机等制度性缺陷,也蕴含了法经济学、法社会学深刻的实践动因。规制利用公示催告实施诉讼欺诈必须加强对其救济程序、民事责任、刑事责任的立法整理和司法应对。

Procedure for Publicizing Public Notice for Assertion of Claims（PNAC） can be served as certain proof for a copy of negotiable instruments,through which invalidating judgment can be obtained;thereby risks will be increased as the third party manipulates litigation fraud to harm the holder＇s interest.To identify litigation fraud by PNAC,the law components,the means and its causes should be made clear.Litigation fraud by PNAC includes such causes as the unclear applicant,the variance between the effective date of a invalidating judgment and the maturity of a negotiable instrument,the imperfect relief procure against a wrong invalidating judgment,the systematic defects of PNAC checking;moreover it covers some profound practical motives of economics of law and sociology of law.The relief procure,civil and criminal responsibility of legislative regularization and countermeasures must be enhanced to govern the use of PNAC as litigation fraud.