庄子的风俗论及其美学影响

Chuang Tzu's Views on Customs and Their Aesthetic Influence

在先秦诸子中,庄子率先从自然主义原则出发,揭示了风俗的群体性特征,同时又充分肯定群体之同中所包容的个体差异,且在自然人性论基础上,反对礼乐教化而提出以"不教"之方式实现"成教易俗"。其基本原则与独特观念为汉魏思想家反思儒家"移风易俗,莫善于乐"之主张提供了理论基础,并最终使音乐摆脱政治意识形态附庸地位,对汉魏音乐艺术之"自觉"精神的形成产生了重要影响。

Among all the pre-Qin scholars,Chuang Tzu was the first one who revealed group characteristics of customs and fully affirmed individual difference based on his philosophical standpoint of naturalism.He was opposed to ritual and musical enlightenment and presented ＂non-enlightenment＂ to realize ＂achievement in enlightenment and in transformation of traditions and customs＂ on the basis of his doctrine of ＂natural humanity＂.His basic principles and unique ideas provided theoretical basis for the thinkers in Han and Wei dynasties to reflect on Confucian proposition ＂no better means than music to transform traditions and customs＂,and finally helped to eliminate music as an appendage to political ideology and made an important influence on ＂conscious＂ spirit of music gradually formed in Han and Wei dynasties.