中国海洋仪器设备研究发展的历史回顾

History of Research and Development of China's Marine Instruments and Equipment in Retrospect

本文对中国海洋仪器设备研究发展历史的基本情况和主要成就进行了较全面的介绍。中国海洋仪器设备的研制工作开始于５０年代。１９５８年开始的全国海洋普查工作，促进了中国海洋仪器设备研制工作的开展，是中国海洋仪器设备研究发展史上的一个转折点。这一时期所研制的仪器设备是纯机械式的。此后，中国海洋仪器设备在近４０年的发展历程中经历了三个主要的发展阶段：（１）６０年代中期开展了第一次全国海洋仪器会战。会战中研制出４６项产品样机，结束了中国海洋仪器纯机械式的局面；（２）７０年代初期开展了第二次全国海洋仪器会战。这次会战推动了电子化、自动化温盐深综合测量仪的发展，同时为声学测流技术的研究打下了良好的基础并培养了人才；（３）８０年代中期中国开始了海洋环境自动监测网的建设工作，这一工作促进了海洋仪器设备的研究发展。这一时期，中国的海洋资料浮标系统得到了发展并初步形成浮标监测网；研制成功了海洋台站自动监测系统和调查船信息自动采集系统。新技术的应用和观测系统的建成为海洋环境监测网的建设奠定了基础。

A comprehensive introduction to the basic situation of the history of research and development of China's marine instruments and equipment,and the major achievements therein is given in this paper. The development of marine instruments and equipment began in the 1950s in China.The National General Ocean Survey which was initiated in 1958 promoted the development work of China's marine instruments and equipment,thus marking a turning point in the history of research and development of China's marine instruments and equipment.However,the instruments and equipment developed in this period were purely mechanical ones.Thereafter,the China's marine instruments and equipment have undergone three stages of development in their development course of nearly forty years:(1)in the mid-1960s,a great national battle for marine instruments was launched,in which 46 prototypes of products were developed,thus ending the situation where China's marine instruments are purely mechanical ones;(2)the early 1970s saw the second great national battle for marine instruments,which promoted the development of the electrified,automatic integrated STD systems and,in the meantime,laid a sound foundation for the research on the acoustic current measuring technologies and fostered cadres;(3)in the mid-1980s,China began the construction of the automatic monitoring network for marine environment,which promoted the research and development of marine instruments and equipment.In this period,China's marine data buoy system was developed and a buoy monitoring network was formed initially;the automatic monitoring system of ocean stations and the automatic research vessel information acquiring system were developed;the application of new technologies and the construction observing systems laid a foundation for the construction of the marine environment monitoring network.