中国传统水车应用与推广的地域环境因素

The Territorial Environment Factors of Application and Popularization of Chinese Traditional Water Wheel

中国南方多丘陵山地和平原水乡,水源丰富,这样的自然地理环境和稻作农业发展需求,促成了唐宋以来灌溉机械水车的使用和推广。传统水车主要包括人力龙骨车和水转筒车两种,以湖泊圩荡为中心的江南平原水乡为龙骨车提供了大显身手的舞台,而广袤的南方丘陵山地则是筒车的用武之地。水车制作就地取材,设计巧妙,架设使用因地制宜,提水灌溉省时省力,增产效果显著,历千年而不衰,为唐宋以来南方稻作农业的发展和经济进步,发挥了重要作用,也成为古代南方地区独特的农业生态景观。

South China is rich in hills, plain water villages and water source, and the physical geographic environment and the development requirements of cultivated agriculture take benefit of application and popularization of irrigation machinery water wheel since Tang-Song dynasties. The traditional water wheel mainly comprises manpower Gulong wheel and waterpower rotated wheel, which are respectively used at plain water villages in south of the River taking lakes and diked marsh as center and wide south hills widely. The water wheel is made of local materials and is designed skillfully. Its arrangement and use takes actions that suit local circumstances, and irrigation by pumping is time-saving and labor-saving. So the production increase effect is obvious, and the water wheel has a long lasting market. In addition, it played an important role of promoting the development of south cultivated agriculture and the economic progress since Tang-Song dynasties, and also became unique agricultural ecological landscape in ancient southern region.