道德排他主义与“陌生人”伦理

Moral Exclusion and "Strangers" Ethics

"熟人道德"、道德"亲密圈"等提法,真实表达了我国传统伦理生活中的排他主义倾向。所谓道德排他主义,就是在伦理生活中优先考虑自己、家人和朋友,对他人尤其是匿名的陌生人表现出怀疑、拒斥或极度的不信任,其中蕴含着"道德中的不道德"之内在悖论。建构社会整体的信用体系,需要调整个体道德心理结构,以积极的心态认同和接纳陌生人,以刚性的法律和制度约束陌生人间的关系。这是超越和提升圈子型道德思维,克服道德排他主义悖论,创建以相互尊重和平等为基础的陌生人伦理,提升人类伦理生活品位的关键。

＂Acquaintance morality＂,morality ＂intimate circle＂ and other references express exclusive tendencies of China’s traditional ethics life.The so-called moral exclusiveness is to give priority to themselves,their families and friends in ethical life.However,to others,especially to anonymous strangers,it shows suspect,rejection and extreme distrust of which contains a ＂morality of the immoral＂ in the inherent paradox.To construct the whole credit system,efforts should be made to adjust the psychological structure of the individuals,accept strangers with a positive attitude,and restrain the relationship between strangers by rigid legal norms.And importance needs to be attached to improving ＂intimate circle＂ thinking,overcoming the moral paradox of exclusion,and creating mutual respect and equality based on the stranger ethics,thereby enhancing quality of life of human ethics.