非球形聚合物粒子的合成研究

Progress in Synthesis of Nonspherical Polymer Particles

粒子的形状影响其功能性,非球形粒子作为构建单元不仅可以体现材料本身的内在性能,而且其新颖的粒子堆积类型,改善了材料性能,赋予材料更多的应用潜能。非球形粒子可用于改善材料的光学性能,用作生物材料的自组装构造单元,悬浮液流变性能的调控,制备皮克林乳液和复合材料的设计。本文综述了种子聚合法、高分子溶液混合法、机械拉伸法、微粒聚集法、微流体法和模板法等合成非球形粒子的方法,论述了非球形粒子在Pickering乳化剂,光子晶体和有序多孔材料等领域的潜在应用,并展望了可能的发展趋势。

The shape of polymeric particles has great influences on the functional behaviors.As the building blocks,nonspherical particles not only reflect its own inherent properties of materials,but the novel type of particles accumulation improves its properties and gives the material more potential applications.Nonspherical polymer particles are desirable for modifying optical properties and fluid properties,for engineering biomaterials and colloid structures,for engineering colloidal composites and forming Pickering emulsions.This paper reviews the various sophisticated techniques,including seeded emulsion polymerization,mixed polymer solution method,microfluidics,clusterization separations,stretching of spherical particles,clusterization,and 3D template method,have been developed to create nonspherical particles.The potential applications of these materials as Pickering emulsifiers,photonic crystals,and ordered porous materials,and likely future trends in the fields are described.