玉米杂交种主要性状分析与高产育种探索

Analysis on the Main Traits and Discussion on High yield Breeding of Corn Hybrid

用相关分析、通径分析和主成分分析，对近年华北地区各育种单位新选的２０个优良玉米杂交种的９个主要性状进行了分析。结果表明，产量和农艺性状间存在着极其复杂的相关关系，以行粒数、果穗长和千粒重对产量的直接作用较大；按累计贡献率≥８５％确立了行粒数、生育期、穗长及千粒重４个主要成分，以行粒数因子的贡献率最大（４５．７６％）。增加行粒数、果穗长，提高出籽率和千粒重是玉米杂交种进一步高产的主要育种途径。

The main 9 traits of 20 varieties were studied with correlation analysis, path analysis and the principal component analysis, the results were as follows: There were more complicated correlations between agronomic and yield components. The grain number of row, the length of ear, 1000 grain weight had greater influence on yield, according to criteria of the cumulative pct. of variable ≥85%. There were four principal components: Such as the grain number of row, the during of growth, the length of ear and 1000 grain weight. Grains per ear had larger contribution. Therefore, one of the main path to enhance yield of corn hybrid was to increase the grain number of row, the length of spike, 1000 grain weight and seed setting percentage.