旱地小麦高留茬少耕全程覆盖高产技术体系研究

The Technical System of Straw Mulching in Whole Wheat Growth Periods in Dryland Farming

多年试验研究结果表明，干旱是陕西旱地小麦高产的第一限制因子。高留茬少耕全程覆盖，０～２０ｃｍ土层含水率平均提高２．５８个百分点，０～２００ｃｍ土层含水率平均提高１．９７个百分点；土壤有机质提高０．１％，全Ｎ、全Ｐ、全Ｋ分别提高０．００９３、０．０２４和０．０２个百分点，碱解Ｎ、速效Ｐ、速效Ｋ分别提高３．１７ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和２３．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，６ａ平均产量６１０５．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，较传统耕作法高出１３６．０％，而且减少了水土流失。

Drought is the first limited fact for winter wheat growth in the dryland area of Shaanxi. This paper shows that using the technical system of wheat straw mulching in whole wheat growth periods, average soil moisture of 0￣20 cm rises 2.58%, soil organic matter rise 0.1%, total N,total P and total K increase 0.0093%, 0.024% and 0.02%, respectively. Avaiable N, available P and available K rise 3.17 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 23.0 mg/kg; The average yield of six years is 6 105.0 kg/hm 2 which is 136.36% higher than the traditional cultivating method. This method can control the water erosion in dryland area.