苜蓿黄萎病菌与轮枝孢属近似种的比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Pathogen of Verticillium Wilt of Alfalfa and Other Verticillium Species

在形态学、生理学和酯酶同工酶诸方面比较了苜蓿黄萎病菌即黄萎轮枝孢Ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｉｕｍａｌｂｏ－ａｔｒｕｍ苜蓿菌系与Ｖ．ｄａｈｌｉａｅ、Ｖ．ｎｉｇｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ、Ｖ．ｎｕｂｉｌｕｍ和Ｖ．ｔｒｉｃｏｒｐｕｓ等近似种的异同。结果表明，上述菌种无性态形态特征和酯酶同工酶谱带明显不同，生长的适宜温度与ｐＨ值范围也有差异。菌丝休眠体的形态是区分各近似种的重要形态鉴别特征，酯酶同工酶电泳图谱可作为辅助鉴别特征。在鉴别其中最重要的两个种即Ｖ．ａｌｂｏ－ａｔｒｕｍ和Ｖ．ｄａｈｌｉａｅ时，对高温（３０℃）和低ｐＨ值的耐受性也可作为参考指标。酯酶同工酶电泳有可能成为快速鉴定苜蓿黄萎病菌的新方法。

The morphology, physiology and esterase isoenzymes of alfalfa strain of Verticillium albo atrum (the pathogen of Verticillium wilt of alfalfa) were compared with V.dahliae, V.nigrescens, V.nubilum and V.tricorpas. The results showed that their morphological characteristics and the electrophoretic properties of esterase isoenzymes were remarkably different, and the optimum temperature and pH value for growth were also different to a certain extent. The morphology of resting structure of mycelium could be used to identify the species, and the electrophoretogram of esterase isoenzymes could help in their identification. The two improtant species, V.albo atrum and V.dahliae, could be further distinguished on the basis of tolerance to high temperature (30℃) and low pH value. Electrophoresis of esterase isoenzymes was possible to be a new method to identify quickly the alfalfa strain of V.albo atrum.