面向时代需求 实现范式转变——赖格卢特论信息时代视角下的教学理论演进

Facing the Times' Requirements Achieving Shifts in Paradigms——Evolution of Instructional Theories in Reigeluths' Perspective of the Information Age

教学是帮助学习者构建内化的知识的各种行为。信息时代所出现的变革呼唤着教学新范式。教学新范式既保留了已经被实践证明行之有效的"基本教学方法"(讲解、示证和练习),同时也鼓励采用"变通教学方法"(问题教学、项目学习、模拟学习、辅导学习和认知学徒等)。信息时代的教学理论遵循着四项基本原理,这就是个性化与多样性,主动性与自导性,协作性与情感性、整体性与一体化,而技术在记录学习进步、规划学习蓝图、提供学习指导和评估学习效果等方面也起到了不可或缺的保障作用。

Instruction includes all the deeds that are done to help learners construct internalized knowledge.All the changes at the information age call for the new paradigm of instruction.The new instructional paradigm not only retains ＂the basic instructional methods＂ that has been proved effective,（such as explanation,illustration,and practice）,but also encourages the use of ＂variable instructional methods＂（such as problem-based instruction,project-based learning,simulation learning,peer tutoring and cognitive apprenticeship,etc）.The instructional theories of information age follow four basic principles：individualization and diversity,initiative and self-direction,collaboration and emotional development,holism and integration.It is undeniable that technology plays an indispensable role in recording learning progress,planning learning blue print,offering instructions and assessing learning effects.