中国农村水利发展状况与科技需求

Development and technology requirement of China rural water conservancy

农村水利发展的主要内容为灌溉排水和农村供水。该文分析了中国当前农村水利发展工作中完成病险水库除险加固、农村饮水安全、灌区节水改造三大目标工作任务,包括大中型灌区节水改造和大型排灌泵站更新改造、小型农田水利工程建设以及发展节水灌溉等的进展状况。进一步综述了农村水利科技发展概况,包括节水灌溉技术研究进展、农村饮水技术研究进展及集成,并对推广的新技术中的现代灌区管理快速评价及软件开发、以蒸发蒸腾量管理理念为核心的水资源管理技术进行了详尽分析。对农村水利科技需求、重点领域进行探讨后认为应加大科研联合攻关,加快成果转化与推广,注重投入和产出的关系等。建议农村水利技术推广服务应该更加关注农民增收和农民生产生活条件的改善,加大对农村水利相关重点企业的引导、扶持,加快科技成果的转化,充分发挥企业在技术推广中的重要作用。

The main elements of the rural water conservancy are irrigation and drainage engineering,and rural water supply. The current work of rural water conservancy includes three main objectives,such as reinforce of dangerous reservoirs,safety of rural drinking water,and reform of water-saving irrigation for irrigation regions,which includes reform of water-saving irrigation for large and middle scaled irrigation regions,reform of large scaled pump stations for irrigation and drainage systems,construction of small scaled agricultural water conservancy projects,and water-saving irrigation etc. Progress of above situation was analyzed in this paper,which also included overview of rural water technology development,such as research progress of water-saving irrigation techniques,rural drinking water technology and their integration,and the rapid evaluation and software development of the modern irrigation region management,water resource management technology which based on crop evapotranspiration. After discussing the technology requirement and key areas of rural water conservancy,the author thinks that we should increase joint research,accelerate the transformation and promotion of research fruits,pay attention to the relationship between inputs and outputs. Suggestions for extension service of rural water conservancy should be focused on the increase of farmers’ income and the improvement of their living conditions,increase the guidance,support of rural water-related key enterprises,accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,give full play to enterprises in the important role of technology promotion.