菜粉蝶绒茧蜂田间种群消长动态及农药对其毒性

POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF APANTELES GLOMERATUS AND TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES

自１９９５～１９９７年在杭州市郊对菜粉蝶绒茧蜂的田间种群消长动态进行了调查，并在室内测定了７类１１种常用杀虫剂对该蜂的毒性。结果表明，该蜂在５～７月份的寄生率较高，８～９月份较低，晚秋后又有回升，年度之间有一定差异。在供试的１１种药剂中，抑太保和Ｂｔ对该蜂成虫最为安全，其次为杀灭菊酯，而有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的毒性最大；在供试的９种农药中，巴丹对茧的毒性最大，羽化率为０，其它药剂对该蜂的羽化影响不大，但辛硫磷和乐果对羽化后的成虫有极高的毒性。本文对如何协调农药与天敌的关系进行了讨论。

The population fluctuation of Apanteles glomeratus were investigated in Hangzhou suburbs during the period of 1995-1997, and eleven insecticides were evaluated in the laboratory for their toxicity to A.glomeratus . Results showed that its parasitism was higher between May and July, lower from August to September and increased after late autumn, and there was some difference between years. For eleven insecticides tested for their contact toxicity to adults of A.glomeratus , chlorfluazuron and Bt were shown to be the safest, fenvalerate was lower harmful, whereas organophosphorates and carbamates were proved to be highly toxic. For nine insecticides evaluated for their toxicity to the pupae, cartap was shown to be the most toxic, and the other insecticides were safe, however, phoxim and dimethoate were harmful to the adults which emerged from the treated pupae. How to harmonize relations between insecticides and natural enemies was also discussed.