纤维素乙醇生物转化工艺的研究进展

Progress of Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass by Bioconversion Process

以纤维素为原料生产乙醇主要包括预处理、水解和发酵三步重要的生物转化过程。由于纤维素原料本身的结晶度和难于降解性,木质纤维素原料生产乙醇,在水解之前要对原料进行物理法、化学法、物理-化学法和生物法等预处理才能获得较高的转化率;发酵工艺有直接发酵法、间接发酵法、混合菌种发酵法、同步糖化发酵法、非等温同步糖化发酵法和复合水解发酵工艺等。综述了纤维素转化为燃料乙醇的原料预处理方法、糖化发酵工艺以及不同预处理方法、发酵工艺优缺点及适合的原料范围,并提出了纤维素乙醇产业化亟待解决的关键技术,展望了纤维素燃料乙醇的产业化前景。

There were three main steps in biological conversion process using cellulosic materials to produce ethanol,including pretreatment,hydrolysis and fermentation.Because of its high crystallinity,cellulose was pretreated by physical,chemical,physical-chemical,biological methods and so on to improve conversion rate before it was hydrolyzed.Fermentation methods included DF,SSF,SHF,NSSF,and so on.Several pretreatment methods,fermentation process and technical difficulties of fuel ethanol production from cellulosic biomass were summarized in this article.The prospect of industrialization of fuel ethanol production from cellulosic biomass was presented.