类叶升麻具有毛茛科中最对称和最原始的核型吗?

DOES ACTAEA ASIATICA HAVE THE MOST SYMME TRIC AND PRIMITIVE KARYOTYPE IN THE RANUNCULACEAE?

根据以前的报道，类叶升麻ＡｃｔａｅａａｓｉａｔｉｃａＨａｒａ具有１０条大型的中部着丝点染色体和６条较大的近中部着丝点染色体，其核型在毛茛科中显得最为对称和原始，而类叶升麻属的其他种类具有１０条大型的中部着丝点染色体、４条较大的近中部着丝点染色体和两条没有短臂的染色体。在毛茛科中，同一属的染色体形态通常十分相似，因此上述类叶升麻的核型分析结果十分可疑。本文重新检查了该种的染色体。结果表明其核型与该属其他种类的核型没有明显区别。与升麻属其他４属，即Ｂｅｓｉａ，Ａｎｅｍｏｎｏｐｓｉｓ，Ｓｏｕｌｉｅａ，Ｃｉｍｉｃｉｆｕｇａ相比，类叶升麻及该属其他种类都具有两条没有短臂的Ｔ染色体，因此类叶升麻属ＡｃｔａｅａＬ．的核型不对称性程度在升麻族中显得最高，其核型在该族中也可能最为进化。这两条Ｔ染色体可以作为类叶升麻属的细胞学标志，据此可以将该属与升麻族其他４属区别开来。

Actaea asiatica was previously reported to have the most symmetric and primitive karyotype, consisting of 10 m and 6 sm chromosomes, which is quite different from those of the remaining species in the genus Actaea, consisting of 10 m , 4 sm and two T chromosomes. In this paper, the chromosomes of this species were re examined. The results show that Actaea asiatica[WTBZ] has the same karyotype as the other species in the genus. Compared with the species in other genera in the tribe Cimicifugeae, i.e. Beesia, Anemonopsis, Souliea and Cimicifuga, Actaea asiatica, together with the remaining species of the genus, has the most asymmetric and thus probably the most advanced karyotype in this tribe because of the presence of two T chromosomes in their chromosome complements. The two T chromosomes may serve as one of the most important cytological markers, by which the species in Actaea are clearly distinguishable cytologically from those in Beesia, Anemonopsis, Souliea and Cimicifuga.