山东滨海盐生植物叶结构的比较研究

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURES OF LEAVES OF MARITIME HALOPHYTES IN SHANDONG

通过对１１科１４属１４种滨海盐生植物的叶片结构比较研究表明：（１）生长在同一盐生环境中的１４种植物，其叶片具有许多结构的共同适应特征，如表皮细胞大小不等，外切向壁外突；栅栏组织发达；存在结晶细胞、单宁细胞和贮水细胞；机械组织和维管组织都不发达等。（２）不同的盐生植物具有不同的结构适应特征，如有的具盐腺，有的叶肉内胞间隙很发达，有的气孔器拱起。（３）所观察的植物叶片的表皮细胞角质膜多较薄，气孔与表皮细胞平置甚至突出，维管组织和机械组织不发达，这些结构特征反映出盐生植物与旱生植物的结构不同。

Comparative studies on the anatomical structure of the leaves of 14 maritime halophytes ( Lathyrus maritimus,Calystegia soldanella,Glehnia littoralis,Asparagus dauricus,Dianthus chinensis,Silene aprila,Scutellaria strigillosa,Cynanchum thesioides,Limonium bicolor,Messerschmidia rosmarinifolia,Ixeris debilis,Scorzonera albicaulis,Corispermum puberulum,Salsoda komarovii ) were carried out.The observed results are as follows:(1) Plants growing in the same halophilic environment have many identically leaf structural adaptations:different size epidermic cells and raised out tangenial walls of epidermic cells;flourishing palisade tissue;existing crystalliferous cells and tannin idioblasts;a large amount of water storage parenchyma;less vascular tissue and mechanical tissue; (2) Different halophytes have different adaptional features.Salt glands ob served in Limonium bicolor .There are well developed mesophyll intercellular space in some plants such as Ixeris debilis .Raised stomata exist in some plants such as Scutellaria strigillosa ;(3) Leaves of halophytes have differently structural characteristics compared with those of xerophytes.Most of them have thin cuticle.Stomata are at the same level as epidermis cells,sometimes even high than them.Almost all of the halophytes have less vascular tissue and mechanical tissue.