微芯片——生命科学领域的新工具

Microchip: Novel Tool in the Field of Life Science.

微芯片（有人称其为生物芯片ｂｉｏｃｈｉｐ）是用硅、玻璃等材料，经光刻、化学合成等技术微加工而成的、大小１ｃｍ２左右的芯片．它可以用来对生物样品进行分离、制备、预浓缩，还可以作为微反应池进行ＰＣＲ（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ）、ＬＣＲ（ｌｉｇａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ）等反应．最为吸引人的是，芯片上制成多种不同的ＤＮＡ阵列，即可用于核酸序列的测定及基因突变检测．对微芯片的制作、作用原理、性能及用途等进行了综述．

Microchips are constructed with photolithography technology and chemical synthesis. Microchip based devices can be applied for separation, preparation and preconcentration of biological sample. The devices are also used for polymerase chain reaction or ligase chain reaction as the reaction vessels. The most attractive application is that the microchip immobilizing various oligonucleotide arrays can be used to detecting gene mutation. In addition, these compact arrays of probes may be used for ultrafast DNA sequencing. The fabrication, principle, characteristic and application of microchips were introduced.