白色种皮花生皮色及农艺性状遗传的研究

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE GENETICS OF SEED COAT COLOUR AND AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN PEANUT

为育成白色种皮的高产花生品种，了解白色种皮的遗传规律，用自育的白皮1号品种与在福建省生产上推广的红皮良种粤油116、汕油对和泉花10号进行杂交，杂种F1植株的种皮全为红色．F2红皮植株与白皮植株的分离比例符合15:1的分离规律，红皮F2代的F3代株系中，有4/15株系符合红：白为3:1的分离比例。由此推断白皮性状是两对隐性基因控制，白皮性状与产量性状没有连锁。主要农艺性状的遗传力顺序为：单株结果数＞单株饱果重和生物产量＞单株饱果数。经F3代、F4和F5代的株系鉴定，选出稳定、综合性状优良的重组类型；再经过产量鉴定和多点比较试验，选出了丰产性较好的二个品种参加福建省花生新品种区域试验．

Crossing between a white seed coat cultivar White Coat No.1 and three red seedcoat cultivars, Yueyou 116, Shanyou 71 and Quanhua 10, which were main cultivars usedin Fujian Province, were made in order to breed high yield cultivar with white seed coatand to understand the genetics of white seed coat. The seed coat in F, was all red. In F2the segregating ratio of red to white coat in plants conformed with the segregation lawof 15: 1. Among the F3 strains derived from the F2 plantS with red seed coat, 4 to 15strains showed that the ratio of red to white was 3:1, therefore, it was inferred thatthe white seed colour was directed by two recessive genes. The white character did notlinked with yielding traits. Genetic ability of main econodric traits was in order' podnumber per plant>mature pod weight and biological yield>mature pod number.Several stable combination varieties with excellent comprehensive traitS were selected fromFa, F' and F5 strains. Two high yielding varieties were taken part in regional testing fornew peanut variaties in Fujian Province.