癫痫患者大脑病灶组织的透射电镜研究

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE FOCUS TISSUE IN CEREBRAL CORTEX OF EPILEPTIC PATIENTS

本文运用透射电镜对癫痫病人手术分离的脑组织病灶的超微结构进行了观察。主要病理变化有：（1）质膜系统的崩解。"脱髓鞘"现象及细胞膜的断裂或缺失；（2）细胞核的变性，异染色质增多及染色质边缘化，有的出现凋亡小体，提示可能有癫痫引发的细胞凋亡；（3）神经丝的紊乱，说明低分子量的神经丝蛋白过量表达.可能是由于膜破损引起Ca2+的大量内流，继而激活了某些代谢通路所致．同时，Ca2+内流也可能是细胞凋亡的原因；（4）内膜系统的肿胀和扩张。

Epilepsy can be defined as a paroxysmal disturbance of the central nervous system, which is recurrent, stereotyped in character and associated with excessive synchronous and self-limiting neuronal discharge. We studied the cerebral specimen from epilepsy patients. The spike foci in epilepsy were recorded by flaky silver electrodes on the surface of conices. These foci were removed surgically and studied under transmission electron microscope. We found several morphological changes in these specimens: (1) Dissociation of plasma membrane and myelinolysis; (2) Heterochromatinization of neurons, suggesting apoptosis of neurons; (3) Disturbance of neurofilaments; (4) Swelling and expanding of interior membrane system. Whether the alterations observed are a result of the seizures or are a contributory factor is nuclear. However, it might be that following an initial insult (such as febrile convulsions, status epilepticus or head injury)secondary process occurred both of an anticonvulsant nature in an attempt to compensate for seizure activity. and may be in a kindling type fashion, resulting in an increased susceptibility to seizures, leading to further seizures. Many of the alterations documented in this study probably represent one or both of these processes. However, by drawing together the neurochemistry, physiology and morphology of epilepsy, we may begin to understand the mechanisms involved in seizure disorders.