氮素运筹对小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Management to Yield and Yield Component Factors in Wheat

以优质小麦京冬8号为材料,在晋东南地区研究了氮素运筹对小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,在总施氮量为160 kg/hm2的前提下,与氮肥全部基施相比,在拔节期和孕穗期追肥可明显提高产量,以拔节期氮肥基追比例为5∶5的产量最高;返青期和拔节期追施氮肥有利于提高分蘖成穗,而且随着追氮比例的增大,分蘖成穗效果越明显;随着追氮时期后移与追氮比例的增大,穗粒数和千粒重都有逐渐增加的趋势。进一步对影响产量的成穗数(x1)、穗粒数(x2)、千粒重(x3)、花后干物质积累量(x4)、单茎产量(x5)作逐步回归分析,得出回归方程y=2 782.53+1 432.16x(4r=0.901 8**),说明产量与花后干物质积累之间极显著正相关。

In this paper, a high quality winter wheat Jingdong 8 as material, nitrogen management on wheat yield and yield component factors is studied in southeast Shanxi. The study on nitrogen application to wheat yield and yield components shows that topdressing can significantly increase productivity at the jointing stage and booting stage, especially at the jointing stage nitrogen-based recovery ratio of 5 ： 5 for the highest yield. In the regreening at the jointing stage, topdressing nitrogen can raise spike tillers, and with the increase of nitrogen recovery, tillers can spike more obviously. With the recovery period transferred of nitrogen and nitrogen recovery increased the proportion of grains per spike and 1 000 are a growing trend. Further impact on the yield of ears （x1）, the grain number（x2）, 1 000-grain weight（x3）, the amount of dry matter accumulation after anthesis （x4）, single stem production （x5） for stepwise regression analysis can be derived regression equation y=1 432.16x4＋2 782.53 （r= 0.901 8＊＊）, indicating that yield and dry matter accumulation after blooming shows a significant positive correlation.