黄土区大型露天矿复垦地土壤对植物多样性的影响研究——以平朔安太堡露天矿排土场为例

Effect of Reclamation Land Soil to Plant Diversity in Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine Loess Zone——A Case of Discharged Soil Field in Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine

采用样方调查法及SPSS分析法,对安太堡露天矿开采后排土场植物的生长、多样性的变化及其立地条件等环境因子进行了调查和分析。结果表明,复垦地土壤的改良和植物的恢复都需要时间的积累;立地条件在一定程度上影响着植物的生长,立地条件好,含有一定量石砾的样地,植物生长就较好,多样性指数较高;植物均匀度与土壤容重呈极显著负相关,与总孔度呈极显著正相关,植物香农-威纳指数与土壤速效Cu呈显著正相关;草灌乔配置模式为植物的生长提供了更大的生态位,其样地内的植物多样性指数较高。

This article researched the characteristics of plant diversity and effective environmental factors of stand conditions and so on in Antaibao opencast coal mine by means of field survey and SPSS analysis. Main results are as follows： the soil improvement and plant restoration in reclamation areas both takes time. The research indicates that site conditions affect plant growth to a certain extent. Fine sites that contain a certain amount of the gravel make plant grow better, and the diversity index in theses sites are higher. Plant uniformity negatively correlated with soil density and positively correlated with the total pore significantly. Shannon - Wiener index positively correlated with available Cu significantly. Grass, shrub, arbor allocation model provides a greater niche for the plant growth and with a higher plant diversity index.