理化诱变小豆京农6号突变体的鉴定

Identification of Mutants from Azuki Bean (Vigna angularisi) Jingnong 6 Seed Induced by Physical and Chemical Agents

选用小豆品种京农6号种子,分别采用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)(0.5%、0.9%和1.4%处理12h和24h)、电子束(100、300、600Gy)、60Co-γ(400Gy)诱变处理,将处理后的种子种于大田,鉴定后代植株性状的变异。观察表明,EMS诱变的变异类型最丰富、60Co-γ射线次之、电子束产生的变异类型较单一。EMS处理小豆以浓度0.5%和0.9%处理24h为宜;0.5%EMS处理的粒色和荚色变异突出,有鲜红、黄白、绿白粒色和黑荚、褐荚、黑褐荚变异;0.9%处理的叶形变异突出,有鸡爪叶、剑叶、肾形叶、小密叶等突变类型;电子束诱变后,M2变异率分别为4.09%、3.64%和2.22%。400Gy60Co-γ射线处理种子,后代变异率为7.23%。通过两年的鉴定筛选,获得937个EMS诱变M3代株系,934个60Co-γ射线和电子束诱变M2代株系,已得到株高、叶形、叶色、粒形、粒色、荚色、无分枝、多分枝、叶簇生、分枝簇生、光叶、蔓生、有限结荚习性、株型松散、育性、成熟特性等突变体材料1490份。本研究为小豆基因遗传分析、基因定位与克隆及其进一步的基因功能分析奠定了基础,为小豆育种提供了重要的材料。

Mutational approaches have been widely exploited in breeding,genetics and gene function researches. We firstly de-veloped a large collection of mutants from azuki bean （Vigna angularisi） cultivar Jingnong 6 treated by 0.5%,0.9%,and 1.4% EMS for 12 h and 24 h,400 Gy 60Co-γ ray and 100 Gy,300 Gy,and 600 Gy electron beam. The results indicated that the maxi-mum mutations were induced by 0.5% or 0.9% EMS for 24 h. More seed color mutants including cream-colored and light red seeds,pod color mutants such as brown,dark brown and black pods were produced by 0.5% EMS. Needle leaf,sword,kid-ney-shaped and small heart-shaped leaf mutants were obtained by 0.9% EMS treatment. The percentage of mutants with 100,300,and 600 Gy electron beam treatment were 4.09%,3.64%,and 2.22% respectively. The percentage of mutants treated by 400 Gy 60Co-γ ray was 7.23%. Nine hundred thirty-seven EMS-induced M3 lines and nine hundred thirty-four M2 lines radiated by 60Co-γ ray and electron beam were generated. A total of 1 490 mutants were collected. Mutations included in plant height,plant architec-ture,leaf shape and color,leaf size,seed shape and color,seed size,pod color,branching type and number,bushy leaf or branch,sprawl,definite growth,sterile,early and late mature,flowering time. The mutant populations are very useful to genetic analysis of gene,gene mapping and cloning,and further the research on functional genomics. These mutants will be useful to serve the azuki bean improvement.