基因指纹和芯片技术在生物资源调查和标本整理中的应用

Application of Gene Fingerprint and Biochip Techniques in Biological Resource Investigation and Specimen Inventory

随着PCR技术的广泛应用,基因指纹和芯片技术得到快速发展,已成为分子生物学研究的重要手段并得到广泛应用。文章首先综述了目前常用的基因指纹和芯片技术及其优缺点。常用的技术有:DNA限制性片断长度多态性分析(RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA分析(RAPD)、扩增片断长度多态性分析(AFLP)、微卫星DNA多态性分析(SSR)、单核苷酸多态性分析(SNP)等。然后简要概述这些技术在生物资源调查和标本整理中的应用。主要应用于物种鉴定和分类、个体识别和种群数量调查、资源植物关键信息研究等。最后展望这些技术在生物资源调查和标本整理中的应用。

With the development of PCR technique, gene fingerprint and biochip techniques have a rapid evolution and become one of the important tools in molecular biology study. At present, the gene fingerprint techniques including： DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP）, simple sequence repeat （SSR） and single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP）, and so on. The microarray is a powerful genomic tool for the characteristics of high density, high sensitivity and automation. In this paper, the authors reviewed the basic theory and characteris- tics of the general gene fingerprint and biochip techniques and their application in biology resource investigation and specimen inventory. At present, the major studies in biology resource investigation and specimen inventory include： species identification and classification, individual identification and population number investigation, and the key information research on resource plant.