野生花生高油基因资源的发掘与鉴定

Identification and evaluation of high oil content in wild Arachis species

以花生属22个近缘野生物种87份种质为材料,系统鉴定和分析野生花生种子含油量。结果表明,野生花生中存在丰富的高油资源,其含油量最低值、最高值和平均值均高于栽培种花生资源的对应值。发掘出高油种质(含油量≥58%)12份,其中Arachis appressipila是目前所发现的花生资源中含量最高的种质,含油量达62.90%。不同物种以及同一物种不同资源的含油量差异很大,如A.appressipila的10-2含油量62.90%,11-7的含油量为55.92%。A.appressipila、A.macedoi和Arachissp的平均含油量较高,分别为57.54%,57.64%和57.68%。通过SSR分析表明,在所获得的高油野生花生材料中,四倍体野生种A.monticola与栽培种花生的亲缘关系最近,其次为花生区组的二倍体野生种A.villosa。根据SSR扩增结果,绘制了高油野生花生材料的指纹图谱。

Wild Arachis species are important resource for genetic improvement of cultivated peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. In present study,oil content in 87 wild Arachis accessions were tested. There are many genotypes with oil content in wild Arachis accessions. The minimum,maximum and average oil contents in wild Arachis genotypes were higher than the corresponding contents in cultivated resource. 12 accessions with high oil content （more than 58%） were identified. A.appressipila with oil content of 62.90% was the highest oil content genotype in peanut resource including cultivated peanuts and wild relative species up to now. Considerable variation in oil content was observed among invloved Arachis species.The average oil contents of A.appressipila,A.macedoi and A.sp were 57.54%,57.64% and 57.68% respectively,which were high. The relationship and genetic diversity of 12 Arachis accessions with high oil content and several cultivated peanuts were investigated based on SSR markers. The tetraploid species A.monticola was most closely related to the cultivated peanut A.hypogaea. The diploid species A.villosa of section Arachis were also closely related to the cultivated peanut. The DNA fingerprints of 12 accessions with high oil content were constructed based on SSR markers.